Introduction to Open Access

It is a conceptual approach to development that focuses on understanding the obstacles that inhibit people, governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations from realizing their developmental goals while enhancing the abilities that will allow them to achieve measurable and sustainable results. It is also referred to as capacity development.

It is a reference to a text or part of a text identifying the document in which it may be found.

It is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in articles and books. It uses citations in scholarly works to establish links to other works or other researchers. It is one of the most widely used methods of bibliometrics.

It is a bibliographic tool in print or electronic format that lists all referenced or cited source items published in a given time span.

 It is a measurement used to estimate the impact of a journal. It is the number of years, going back from the current year, that account for 50% of the total citations received by the cited journal in the current year. ISI developed this calculation to provide an indicator as to the long-term value of source items in a single journal publication.

 The number of journal publication years, going back from the current year that account for 50% of the total citations given by the citing journal in the current year. ISI developed this calculation to provide an indicator of the subtle changes in scope of a publication over the course of time.

It is a pact or treaty among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest, joining forces together for a common cause. This alliance may be temporary or a matter of convenience.

An arrangement whereby software or artistic work may be used, modified, and distributed freely on condition that anything derived from it is bound by the same conditions.

The exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator or creator or author for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material.

An agreement between authors and publishers, where authors transfer some exclusive rights to publishers.